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Sexual Dimorphism in White Matter Developmental Trajectories Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics.

Kiran K Seunarine1, Jonathan D Clayden1, Sebastian Jentschke1,2

  • 11 UCL Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom .

Brain Connectivity
|October 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals widespread sexual dimorphism in white matter development in children aged 8-16. Females show more advanced brain development than males, particularly at younger ages.

Keywords:
brain developmentdiffusion tensor imaginggender differencespubertytract-based spatial statisticswhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Emerging evidence suggests sexual dimorphism in white matter development using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Previous diffusion MRI studies in wider age ranges (5-30 years) noted focal differences, implicating puberty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sexually dimorphic trajectories in white matter development in a younger cohort (8-16 years) using diffusion MRI.
  • To explore differences closer to the expected onset of puberty.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tract-based spatial statistics on diffusion MRI data from 23 males and 30 females (ages 8-16).
  • Corrected diffusion metrics for age, total brain volume, and full-scale IQ.
  • Analyzed mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy (FA).

Main Results:

  • Observed widespread, not focal, sexually dimorphic trajectories in white matter development.
  • Females exhibited more advanced development (lower diffusivities, higher FA) than males.
  • Dimorphism was more pronounced at younger ages (8-9 years), converging between 10-14 years.
  • Males showed steeper age-diffusion metric correlations than females.

Conclusions:

  • Females demonstrate advanced white matter maturation compared to males in early adolescence.
  • The observed dimorphism is age-dependent, with convergence in later childhood/early adolescence.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of hormones in these early developmental differences.