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Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
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Cortical Low-Frequency Power and Progressive Phase Synchrony Precede Successful Memory Encoding.

Rafi U Haque1, John H Wittig1, Srikanth R Damera1

  • 1Surgical Neurology Branch and.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Successful memory encoding involves specific brain activity. Researchers found that low-frequency brain waves and synchronized brain regions, reflecting attentional networks, predict better memory recall.

Keywords:
attentionepisodic memoryphase synchrony

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Neural activity before an event influences memory formation.
  • Cortical dynamics and cognitive states linked to memory encoding are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the precise cortical dynamics preceding successful memory encoding.
  • Examine the role of neural oscillations and functional connectivity in memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 28 participants undergoing seizure monitoring.
  • Analyzed EEG data during a verbal paired-associates memory task.

Main Results:

  • A 2-4 Hz phase reset in the right temporoparietal junction was observed preceding successful memory encoding.
  • Increased low-frequency power was found across cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex and left temporal lobe.
  • Regions with increased power showed progressive low-frequency phase synchrony, indicating functional binding.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between oscillatory power and phase synchrony reflects attentional network engagement.
  • This engagement significantly influences the success of memory encoding.