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Updated: Apr 1, 2026
Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
[Multidrug-resistant bacteria in Germany. The impact of sources outside healthcare facilities]
Evgeny A Idelevich1, Christian Lanckohr2, Dagmar Horn3
1Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
Background:
Currently, there is an ongoing discussion about the question whether the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) among humans is due to transfer of these bacteria from animals.
Objectives:
This review summarizes data on the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteria in animals and humans, and describes knowledge about transmission pathways.
Material And Methods:
After a scientific literature analysis, relevant articles were identified by screening of titles and abstracts, amended by publications of infection control authorities and the respective reference lists.
Results:
MDRO are both transmitted in the nosocomial setting and are increasingly detected as sources of infection outside healthcare facilities.
Conclusions:
Due to new transmission pathways of MDRO an inter-disciplinary approach towards prevention is necessary, involving medical, pharmaceutical and veterinary expertise.
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