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Age exacerbates HIV-associated white matter abnormalities.

Talia R Seider1,2, Assawin Gongvatana3,4, Adam J Woods1

  • 1Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (CAM), Institute on Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.

Journal of Neurovirology
|October 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Aging significantly worsens white matter changes in individuals with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). This study found that older age combined with HIV infection leads to more white matter hyperintensities and reduced white matter integrity.

Keywords:
AgingDiffusion tensor imagingFractional anisotropyHIVWhite matterWhite matter hyperintensities

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Both HIV disease and advanced age are linked to cerebral white matter alterations.
  • White matter changes are measurable using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques like fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of age and HIV serostatus on white matter integrity.
  • To examine the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and DTI measures in relation to age and HIV status.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified whole-brain WMH from FLAIR MRI using a semi-automated process.
  • Calculated fractional anisotropy (FA) for 15 white matter regions using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS).
  • Analyzed data from 88 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 49 HIV-seronegative (HIV-) participants aged 23-79 years.

Main Results:

  • A significant age by HIV interaction was observed, showing increased WMH with older age in HIV+ individuals only.
  • Significant age by HIV interactions revealed stronger associations between older age and decreased FA in specific white matter tracts (internal capsules, cerebral peduncles, anterior corona radiata) in HIV+ versus HIV- participants.
  • The interactive effects of HIV and age on WMH were more pronounced than on FA measures.

Conclusions:

  • Age exacerbates HIV-associated abnormalities in whole-brain white matter hyperintensities.
  • Aging intensifies HIV-related reductions in fronto-subcortical white matter integrity.