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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells
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Platelet function in malignant hematological disorders.

Antonio Moscardó1, Ana Latorre, María Teresa Santos

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Current Opinion in Oncology
|October 9, 2015
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Platelets play crucial roles beyond blood clotting, influencing inflammation and cancer. Their altered number and function are significant in hematological disorders, but platelet count alone doesn't predict bleeding risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Platelets are traditionally known for hemostasis and thrombosis.
  • Emerging research highlights their roles in inflammation, cancer, and host defense.
  • Platelet interactions with other blood cells modulate their responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on novel platelet functions.
  • To explore platelet interactions with blood components.
  • To discuss implications in malignant hematological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific reports.
  • Synthesis of findings on platelet physiology and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of platelet alterations in hematological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Platelets are involved in processes beyond hemostasis, including cancer.
  • Interactions between platelets and other blood cells influence their functions.
  • Hematological disorders often show altered platelet numbers and functions, particularly with treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet number and activity are critical in leukemia-related bleeding and thrombosis.
  • Relying solely on platelet counts (6–80 × 10^9/L) is insufficient for assessing bleeding risk.
  • Platelet functional activity is a more critical indicator than mere platelet count in hematological disorders.