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Controlled semantic processes within and between the two cerebral hemispheres.

Orna Peleg1, Zohar Eviatar2

  • 1a The Program of Cognitive Studies of Language Use & Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.

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The brain

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cerebral hemispheres process language differently.
  • Semantic selection and integration are key cognitive functions.
  • Homographs pose unique challenges for language processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hemispheric roles in semantic processing of ambiguous words.
  • To compare processing of homographs versus unambiguous words.
  • To examine the influence of visual field on semantic ambiguity resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Hebrew readers performed semantic relatedness judgments on word pairs.
  • Stimuli included central homographs and targets in left, right, or central visual fields.
  • Response latencies were measured under ambiguous and unambiguous conditions.

Main Results:

  • Ambiguity effects were significant only for subordinate meanings of homographs.
  • The left hemisphere (via RVF) showed greater ambiguity effects for heterophones than homophones.
  • The right hemisphere (via LVF) showed similar patterns for both homophone types.

Conclusions:

  • Hemispheric specialization influences semantic ambiguity resolution.
  • The left hemisphere is more sensitive to subtle semantic distinctions.
  • Visual field presentation impacts hemispheric engagement in language tasks.