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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

215
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
215
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

994
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
994
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

1.1K
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
1.1K
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

171
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
171
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

211
Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
211
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

109
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
109

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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
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Recent developments in ocular drug delivery.

Hongming Chen1

  • 1a Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Waltham , MA , USA.

Journal of Drug Targeting
|October 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Innovative ocular drug delivery methods overcome eye barriers for better bioavailability. This review explores advanced approaches, particularly those in clinical trials, for more effective eye treatments.

Keywords:
Cell and gene therapycontact lensimplantsiontophoresisparticulatesposteriorpunctal plugtopical inserts

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Ocular drug delivery faces significant challenges due to the eye's unique physiology and natural barriers.
  • Conventional eye drops exhibit low ocular bioavailability and limited efficacy for posterior segment diseases.
  • Current treatments for back-of-the-eye conditions often involve invasive procedures like intravitreal injections or implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innovative ocular drug delivery strategies.
  • To highlight approaches with potential for improved drug penetration and therapeutic outcomes.
  • To focus on novel methods currently in clinical development stages.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in ocular drug delivery.
  • Analysis of emerging technologies and formulations.
  • Emphasis on strategies addressing challenges in reaching the posterior segment of the eye.

Main Results:

  • Several innovative ocular drug delivery systems show promise in overcoming bioavailability and penetration limitations.
  • New approaches are being developed to minimize invasiveness compared to current standards.
  • A number of these advanced delivery systems are progressing through clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress is being made in developing non-invasive and more effective ocular drug delivery systems.
  • Innovative approaches offer potential solutions for treating a range of ocular diseases.
  • Clinical development is crucial for validating the safety and efficacy of these new drug delivery technologies.