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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Male hormonal contraception: looking back and moving forward.

M Y Roth1, S T Page1, W J Bremner1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Andrology
|October 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Male hormonal contraception aims to reduce unplanned pregnancies, but no reversible options are currently available. This review covers the science, history, and future of male birth control methods.

Keywords:
contraceptionspermatogenesistestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Contraceptive development
  • Men's health

Background:

  • Approximately 50% of pregnancies globally are unplanned, despite available female contraceptives.
  • There is significant public interest in developing reversible male contraception.
  • Currently, no male contraceptive methods are approved for market.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological basis of male hormonal contraception.
  • To examine the historical development of male contraceptive agents.
  • To discuss current agents in development and their associated risks and benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on male contraception.
  • Analysis of physiological mechanisms underlying hormonal male contraception.
  • Synthesis of data on agents currently in clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Hormonal male contraception relies on suppressing sperm production through various hormonal combinations.
  • Several novel agents are in different phases of development, showing promise.
  • Potential risks include hormonal side effects, while benefits include shared contraceptive responsibility.

Conclusions:

  • Male hormonal contraception has a strong scientific basis and growing support.
  • Further research and development are crucial to bring safe and effective male contraceptives to market.
  • Successful male contraceptive options could significantly impact reproductive health outcomes worldwide.