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Aerococcus: an increasingly acknowledged human pathogen.

M Rasmussen1

  • 1Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|October 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aerococci, often mistaken for streptococci, are increasingly identified as causes of human infections like UTIs. Improved diagnostics reveal Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus sanguinicola are significant pathogens, necessitating further research into their treatment.

Keywords:
AerococcusAerococcus sanguinicolaAerococcus urinaeantibiotic treatmentinfective endocarditisurinary tract infection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Aerococci are frequently misidentified as streptococci in clinical laboratories.
  • This misidentification leads to an underestimation of aerococci as human pathogens.
  • Advances in diagnostics, such as MALDI-TOF MS, have increased the isolation of Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus sanguinicola.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing clinical relevance of Aerococcus species, particularly Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus sanguinicola.
  • To discuss the clinical manifestations, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) and invasive infections like urosepsis and infective endocarditis.
  • To review current understanding of antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment strategies for aerococcal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical case data and microbiological findings.
  • Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Aerococcus isolates.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for patients with aerococcal infections.

Main Results:

  • Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus sanguinicola are significant causes of UTIs and can lead to invasive infections, especially in older males with comorbidities.
  • Prognosis for invasive aerococcal infections is generally favorable.
  • Aerococci show sensitivity to penicillins, carbapenems, and vancomycin, with potential synergy between penicillin and aminoglycosides.
  • Treatment challenges exist due to resistance to fluoroquinolones and sulphamethoxazole, and methodological issues with trimethoprim sensitivity testing.

Conclusions:

  • Aerococcus species are emerging pathogens that require increased clinical awareness.
  • Ampicillin is a potential treatment for complicated UTIs, while nitrofurantoin may be effective for uncomplicated cases.
  • Further research is needed on aerococcal pathogenesis, natural reservoirs, and clinical treatment efficacy.