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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Long noncoding RNAs in viral infections.

Puri Fortes1, Kevin V Morris2

  • 1Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

Virus Research
|October 11, 2015
PubMed
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Viral infections alter long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including viral and cellular types. These lncRNAs regulate viral replication and innate immune responses, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Viral infections significantly modify cellular gene expression, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • lncRNAs, RNA molecules with regulatory potential, can be viral, cellular, or chimeric in infected cells.
  • Some viruses encode essential viral lncRNAs, transcribed by RNA polymerase II or III and processed by host machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of lncRNAs in viral infections.
  • To understand how viral and cellular lncRNAs modulate viral replication and host antiviral responses.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome analysis to identify altered lncRNA expression during viral infection.
  • Functional studies to determine the impact of lncRNAs on viral and cellular gene regulation.
  • Investigation of lncRNA interactions with host antiviral pathways.

Main Results:

  • Viral infections induce expression of viral, cellular, and chimeric lncRNAs.
  • Viral lncRNAs can control viral and cellular gene transcription, stability, and translation.
  • Cellular lncRNAs are modulated by viral infection and play roles in innate antiviral responses, acting as positive or negative regulators.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are critical players in the interplay between viruses and host cells.
  • Understanding lncRNA function in infection is crucial for identifying novel cellular pathways.
  • lncRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for viral infections and associated diseases like cancer.