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Updated: Oct 13, 2026
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Long-term follow-up of infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units
1Joint Program in Neonatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Insights
Neonatal intensive care for very-low-birth-weight infants saves lives. However, long-term health and developmental outcomes require further study to fully understand school-aged children's needs.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Neonatal intensive care (NIC) has improved survival rates for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.
- Current data on VLBW infant outcomes primarily focus on early childhood, potentially missing later developmental issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing literature on the longer-term health and developmental outcomes of VLBW infants surviving NIC.
- To identify areas of concern and data gaps regarding school-aged outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
- A broad conceptual framework was applied to organize findings on longer-term outcomes.
Main Results:
- NIC interventions are associated with increased survival and reduced severe handicaps in VLBW infants.
- Early assessments may not capture the full spectrum of health and developmental challenges VLBW survivors face as they enter school.
Conclusions:
- While NIC is life-saving, a more complete understanding of long-term outcomes is crucial.
- Further research is needed to define longer-term health and educational needs for policy and family counseling.
Abstract:
A recent review of 20 years' experience with neonatal intensive care for very-low-birth-weight infants provides reassurance that such care saves lives and that an increasing proportion survive free of moderate to severe handicap. However, data on the health status of these survivors largely reflect status in infancy. An increasing literature suggests that such early findings may be insufficient to characterize later outcomes, particularly those problems encountered as the child enters school. Since the specific health and developmental problems that might be encountered are still being defined, a broad conceptual framework is applied to organize a review of the existing literature. Some areas of concern about longer-term outcomes emerge, as well as important areas for which data are lacking. Further definition of longer-term outcomes is critical at the policy level to assess the utility of neonatal intensive care unit interventions and at the individual level for counseling families as to the health and educational needs of these children.
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