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    Biological relations do not fully justify parental responsibilities. Unique abilities of individuals offer a clearer explanation for perceived duties, shifting the burden of proof for biological justifications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioethics
    • Philosophy of Law
    • Family Studies

    Background:

    • Parental responsibility is often linked to biological ties.
    • The extent to which biological relations ground responsibility is debated.
    • Sperm donor cases are frequently used to explore this link.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To challenge the view that biological relations are a primary basis for responsibility.
    • To propose an alternative explanation for perceived responsibilities in specific scenarios.
    • To re-evaluate the grounds of responsibility in father-offspring relationships.

    Main Methods:

    • Philosophical analysis of responsibility frameworks.
    • Examination of hypothetical scenarios involving biological fathers and sperm donors.
    • Argumentation based on agent abilities versus biological connections.

    Main Results:

    • Biological relations are insufficient to fully ground responsibility.
    • Unique abilities of individuals provide a more robust explanation for responsibility.
    • The justification for biological relations grounding responsibility remains unclear.

    Conclusions:

    • Responsibility is better explained by unique abilities than by biological relations alone.
    • The burden of proof lies with those who advocate for biological relations as the primary ground for responsibility.
    • Future discussions on responsibility should prioritize demonstrable abilities over mere biological connection.