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Emulsion templated scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties for bone tissue engineering.

Robert Owen1, Colin Sherborne2, Thomas Paterson2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, INSIGNEO Institute for in silico medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|October 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study fabricated advanced Polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsion (PolyHIPEs) scaffolds using microstereolithography for 3D cell culture. The stiffest scaffolds enhanced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation, showing promise for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
Free form fabricationMechanical propertiesPlasma polymerizationPolyHIPEsPorosityStereolithography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs) offer interconnected microporosity ideal for 3D cell culture scaffolds.
  • Current fabrication methods lack precise control over scaffold architecture and mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fabrication method for creating PolyHIPE scaffolds with controlled hierarchical architectures.
  • To tune the mechanical properties of PolyHIPEs by varying monomer composition and porosity.
  • To evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of these scaffolds using human mesenchymal progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Combined emulsion templating with microstereolithography to create PolyHIPE scaffolds.
  • Fabricated PolyHIPEs using varying ratios of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) monomers.
  • Characterized mechanical properties (Young's modulus, UTS, elongation at failure) and cell response (proliferation, differentiation).

Main Results:

  • Achieved independent control over microstructural and macrostructural properties of PolyHIPEs.
  • Demonstrated a wide range of tunable mechanical properties, with moduli from 0.36 to 63.01 MPa.
  • Confirmed cell proliferation and penetration into the scaffolds, with enhanced osteogenic differentiation on stiff, acrylic acid-treated IBOA-based scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • The combined fabrication approach yields versatile PolyHIPE scaffolds with tunable properties for tissue engineering.
  • Specific PolyHIPE compositions and surface treatments can significantly promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
  • These advanced scaffolds show potential for applications in bone regeneration and 3D cell culture models.