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[Toxicology screening in paediatrics].

Óscar Garcia-Algar1, Ainoha Cuadrado González2, María Falcon3

  • 1Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona; Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Retics, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departament de Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i Medicina Preventiva, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, España.

Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Detecting substance abuse in children is challenging, as most cases go unnoticed. This review explores how biological matrices aid in identifying acute or chronic exposure to drugs in pediatric patients.

Keywords:
Alternative biological matricesCribado toxicológicoDrogas de abusoDrugs of abuseExposición pasivaIntoxicaciónMatrices biológicas alternativasPaediatricsPassive exposurePediatríaPoisoningToxicology screening

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Substance abuse in pediatric patients (neonatal to adolescent) is often undetected.
  • Current detection relies heavily on parental/child questionnaires, missing many cases.
  • Acute poisoning is recognized, but chronic or subtle exposure remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of various biological matrices for detecting substance abuse in children.
  • To delineate scenarios where specific matrices are indicated for acute versus chronic exposure.
  • To highlight advancements in analytical methodologies for drug detection in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on analytical methodologies for substance abuse detection.
  • Analysis of different biological matrices (urine, blood, oral fluid, hair, meconium, teeth).
  • Comparison of detection time windows for various matrices.

Main Results:

  • Validated analytical methods now detect parent drugs and metabolites in biological samples.
  • Urine, blood, and oral fluid are suitable for acute exposure detection.
  • Hair, meconium, and teeth offer extended detection windows for chronic exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Biological matrices provide objective evidence of substance abuse in pediatric patients.
  • The choice of matrix depends on the suspected exposure type (acute vs. chronic) and timeframe.
  • Advanced analytical techniques improve the identification of drug exposure in children, aiding clinical management and forensic investigations.