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Outcomes of Category II anti-tuberculosis treatment in Indian children

A Mukherjee1, D Khandelwal1, M Singla1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|October 14, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Category II anti-tuberculosis treatment showed moderate success in Indian children with retreatment tuberculosis. Adherence to prior treatment influenced outcomes, highlighting the need for drug susceptibility testing to manage multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • The efficacy of Category II anti-tuberculosis treatment in pediatric retreatment cases remains understudied.
  • Limited data exists on the outcomes of Category II treatment specifically in Indian children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of Category II anti-tuberculosis treatment in children in India.
  • To identify factors influencing treatment success and failure in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review was conducted at a Paediatric Tuberculosis Clinic in New Delhi, India.
  • Data from 125 children initiated on Category II treatment between 2004 and 2012 were analyzed.
  • Outcomes were categorized as treatment success, treatment failure, or default.

Main Results:

  • Category II treatment was initiated in 125 children, primarily due to clinical worsening or relapse.
  • Treatment success was observed in 64% of children, with 16% experiencing treatment failure and 20% defaulting.
  • Previous non-adherence to treatment was significantly associated with defaulting from Category II therapy (P = 0.004).

Conclusions:

  • Category II anti-tuberculosis treatment achieved success in approximately 60% of Indian children with previously treated tuberculosis.
  • Patient adherence to prior treatment regimens is a critical factor in determining outcomes.
  • Early identification of MDR-TB through drug susceptibility testing is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies in children.
Abstract

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