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Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Topologically protected surface states in a centrosymmetric superconductor β-PdBi2.

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|October 14, 2015
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Researchers observed topologically protected surface states in the superconductor β-PdBi2. This finding advances the search for topological superconductors, materials with unique electronic properties and potential for novel applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Topological insulators exhibit unique electronic properties due to their topology.
  • Topological superconductors are highly sought after for their potential to host exotic phenomena.
  • Developing homogeneous topological superconductors remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of topologically protected surface states in the centrosymmetric layered superconductor β-PdBi2.
  • To explore the potential of β-PdBi2 as a platform for studying topological superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SARPES) was employed to probe the electronic structure.
  • Analysis of bulk and surface bands, including their spin polarization.
  • Z2 invariant analysis was performed to evaluate the topological nature of the surface states.

Main Results:

  • Observation of distinct surface bands in β-PdBi2, in addition to bulk bands.
  • Surface bands exhibit symmetrically allowed in-plane spin polarizations.
  • Several surface bands were found to cross the Fermi level, indicating their significance.
  • The surface states were confirmed to be topological via Z2 invariant analysis.

Conclusions:

  • β-PdBi2 hosts topologically protected surface states, confirmed by experimental evidence and theoretical analysis.
  • This material presents a promising platform for investigating topological properties within a superconducting condensate.
  • The findings contribute to the ongoing development of topological superconductors and related quantum phenomena.