Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

8.3K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
8.3K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.4K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

10.4K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
10.4K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.3K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SLC1A5 augmentation bypasses NK cell transduction barriers to deliver complex CAR payloads.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Engineering precision oncology: Targeting tumors and immune cells with lentiviral vectors.

Molecular therapy. Oncology·2026
Same author

Engineering Bi-Specific CAR-NK Cells to Restore Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Solid Tumors.

Cells·2026
Same author

Patient-derived lymphoma spheroids reveal predictive markers of glofitamab resistance in relapsed/refractory B-NHL.

Blood·2026
Same author

HLF and hTERT cooperatively enable partial immortalization of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Baboon endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors outperform human ERV lentivectors for transduction of T, B, NK and HSPCs.

Gene therapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols
08:31

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols

Published on: October 18, 2016

14.5K

Cyclic dinucleotides modulate human T-cell response through monocyte cell death.

Marie Tosolini1,2,3,4,5, Frédéric Pont1,2, Els Verhoeyen6,7

  • 1INSERM UMR1037-Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

European Journal of Immunology
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cyclic dinucleotides like c-di-AMP and cGAMP trigger human T lymphocyte activation through monocyte apoptosis. This novel pathway induces a transient quiescent state in T cells, enhancing their responsiveness.

Keywords:
A2a adenosine receptorActivationCyclic dinucleotidesQuiescenceT lymphocytes

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

954
Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

21.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols
08:31

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols

Published on: October 18, 2016

14.5K
A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

954
Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

21.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Microbial Signaling

Background:

  • Cyclic dinucleotides are microbial signaling molecules with largely unknown functions in humans.
  • Adenosine-based cyclic dinucleotides, specifically c-di-AMP and cGAMP, are the focus of this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function and mechanism of cyclic dinucleotides in human immune responses.
  • To elucidate the interaction between cyclic dinucleotides, monocytes, and T lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of monocyte apoptosis using c-di-AMP and cGAMP.
  • Analysis of T lymphocyte activation and phenotypic changes upon co-culture with apoptotic monocytes.
  • Assessment of T cell proliferation and responsiveness after the induced quiescent state.

Main Results:

  • c-di-AMP and cGAMP selectively induced apoptosis in human monocytes.
  • T lymphocytes were activated via direct contact with these apoptotic monocytes.
  • Activated T cells exhibited cell-cycle exit, maturation into effector memory cells, and transient proliferation arrest without cell death.
  • T cells remained responsive to subsequent restimulation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel pathway for human T lymphocyte activation has been identified, mediated by cyclic dinucleotides.
  • Apoptotic monocytes, primed by c-di-AMP or cGAMP, induce a transient quiescent state in T lymphocytes.
  • This mechanism represents a unique immune response pattern involving microbial messengers and innate immune cell death.