Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

6.5K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
6.5K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

1.5K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.5K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

1.5K
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
1.5K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

3.0K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
3.0K
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

124
Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
124
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

904
Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
904

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimodal Therapies for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: The Role of Lidocaine Patches in Combination Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Pain and therapy·2025
Same author

Safe Management of Adverse Effects Associated with Prescription Opioids in the Palliative Care Population: A Narrative Review.

Journal of clinical medicine·2024
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Cryoneurolysis for Treatment of Chronic Head Pain Secondary to Occipital Neuralgia: A Pilot Study.

Local and regional anesthesia·2021
Same author

Establishing Minimal Clinically Important Differences in Quality of Life Measures in Opioid-Induced Constipation.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2021
Same author

Tolperisone for the Treatment of Acute Muscle Spasm of the Back: Results from the Dose-Ranging Phase 2 STAR Study (NCT03802565).

Journal of pain research·2020
Same author

Characteristics of Analgesic Patch Formulations.

Journal of pain research·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.4K

Opioid Related Endocrinopathy.

Jeffrey A Gudin1,2, Adam Laitman1, Srinivas Nalamachu3

  • 1Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersy, USA.

Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD) is a common endocrine side effect of long-term opioid use, potentially causing hypogonadism and other symptoms. Patients on chronic opioids should be screened for OPIAD symptoms.

Keywords:
Androgen DeficiencyChronic PainEndocrinopathyOPIADOpioid therapyTestosterone

More Related Videos

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
08:20

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Published on: October 2, 2018

12.1K
Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
09:44

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.4K
A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
08:20

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Published on: October 2, 2018

12.1K
Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
09:44

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic pain affects millions, often managed with opioid analgesics.
  • Opioid therapy can lead to adverse effects, including constipation, sedation, and nausea.
  • Opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD) is an underrecognized endocrine complication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the effects of opioids on the endocrine system.
  • To review the link between opioid use and hypogonadism.
  • To describe the physiological mechanisms of OPIAD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published data.
  • Analysis of studies linking opioid use to hypogonadism.
  • Evaluation of proposed physiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Chronic opioid use can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and adrenal axes.
  • This disruption may lead to hypogonadism and hypotestosteronism.
  • Consequences include impaired sexual function, decreased libido, infertility, and osteoporosis, often unrecognized as opioid-related.

Conclusions:

  • OPIAD is a recognized consequence of long-term opioid therapy.
  • Screening for OPIAD symptoms (e.g., fatigue, decreased libido, irregular menses) is recommended for patients on chronic opioids.
  • Management options include dose adjustment, opioid cessation, or androgen replacement therapy, with further research needed for definitive guidelines.