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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

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Development and function of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells.

Yuan Min Wang1, Joanna Ghali2, Geoff Yu Zhang1

  • 1Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sidney, New South Wales, Australia.

Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases. This review explores Treg development, function, and their protective role in kidney disease, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Foxp3Tregsautoimmunity

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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Renal Medicine

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining peripheral tolerance.
  • Tregs prevent and limit autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • Tregs originate in the thymus and also develop in the periphery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding Treg development and function.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of Treg-mediated protection against autoimmunity.
  • To examine the role and therapeutic potential of Tregs in kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on Treg biology.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including thymic selection and peripheral induction.
  • Examination of Treg suppression pathways.

Main Results:

  • Tregs play a significant role in peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.
  • Multiple mechanisms contribute to Treg-mediated suppression.
  • Tregs have demonstrated a role in limiting kidney injury.

Conclusions:

  • Tregs are critical for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune conditions.
  • Understanding Treg mechanisms offers insights into disease pathogenesis.
  • Tregs show promise as a therapeutic strategy for kidney disease.