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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Non-coding RNAs in cardiac regeneration.

Lichan Tao1, Yihua Bei2,3, Yanli Zhou1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Oncotarget
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) show potential for enhancing cardiac regeneration by regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, survival, and reprogramming. Exploring ncRNA-based therapies could lead to new treatments for cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
cardiac regenerationlong non-coding RNAmicroRNAnon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity, hindering therapeutic strategies.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are key regulators in biological processes.
  • ncRNAs have emerged as critical players in cardiac regeneration and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in cardiac regeneration.
  • To categorize the functions of ncRNAs in cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, survival, and reprogramming.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs for cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ncRNAs in cardiac regeneration.
  • Categorization of ncRNA functions based on their effects on cardiomyocyte processes.
  • Identification of specific ncRNAs involved in promoting or inhibiting cardiac regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs like miR-590 and miR-199a promote cardiomyocyte proliferation, while others like miR-1 suppress it.
  • ncRNAs such as miR-499 and miR-1 drive cardiac progenitor differentiation, whereas miR-133 and H19 inhibit this process.
  • Several ncRNAs, including miR-21 and miR-199a, enhance cardiac survival, while others have opposing effects. Certain ncRNAs and lncRNAs facilitate fibroblast reprogramming into cardiomyocyte-like cells.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs play multifaceted roles in cardiac regeneration, influencing proliferation, differentiation, survival, and reprogramming.
  • Targeting specific ncRNAs offers a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further exploration of ncRNA-based approaches is crucial for advancing treatments for cardiovascular diseases.