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NET amyloidogenic backbone in human activated neutrophils.

L Pulze1, B Bassani1,2, E Gini1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|October 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) form a resistant, amyloid-like scaffold to trap pathogens. This innate immune response, regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is conserved across species and offers therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
ACTH axisROS evaluationamyloidogenesisexosomesneutrophil extracellular trap

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Activated human neutrophils generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a DNA-based network for pathogen defense.
  • NETs possess a resistant, amyloidogenic backbone that sequesters proteins and DNA against non-self entities.
  • Amyloid fibril formation in neutrophils is modulated by cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional characteristics of NETs as an innate immune mechanism.
  • To explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating NET formation and associated cellular responses.
  • To compare neutrophil responses in humans and invertebrates, highlighting conserved defense strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Morphofunctional and quantitative evaluation of activated human neutrophils.
  • Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways.
  • Comparative study of immune cell responses in human and invertebrate models.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) exhibit a resistant amyloidogenic backbone.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance regulates amyloidogenesis and stress-associated responses like autophagy and cytokine synthesis.
  • Similar amyloidogenic scaffold formation is observed in activated invertebrate immune cells for pathogen defense.

Conclusions:

  • NETs represent a primitive yet potent innate defense mechanism in humans, involving amyloid fibril formation.
  • The conserved amyloidogenic scaffold mechanism in both human and invertebrate immune cells underscores its evolutionary significance.
  • Understanding NET structure and regulation may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for immunomediated diseases.