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Risk factors for low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia : a case-control study

Habtamu Demelash1, Achenif Motbainor2, Dabere Nigatu3

  • 1Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madawalabu University, Bale, Goba, Ethiopia. hab2396@yahoo.com.

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
|October 15, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant concern, with rural residence, poor maternal health, and lack of antenatal care being key risk factors. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving infant health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neonatal Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is linked to increased infant mortality, morbidity, developmental issues, and chronic diseases.
  • Factors influencing fetal growth and birth weight vary across environments and cultures.
  • The study addresses the highest prevalence of LBW in the Bale Zone, where no prior case-control studies have been conducted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the risk factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in hospitals within the Bale Zone.
  • To provide data for targeted interventions to reduce LBW prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted from April to August 2013, involving 136 mothers of LBW infants (cases) and 272 mothers of normal birth weight infants (controls).
  • Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered by trained data collectors.
  • Statistical analysis included bivariate and multiple logistic regression using SPSS version 16.0.

Main Results:

  • Socio-economic factors associated with LBW included maternal age under 20, low monthly income, and lack of formal education.
  • Maternal health factors such as pregnancy complications, low BMI, short maternal height, short inter-pregnancy interval, and absence of antenatal care were significant risk factors.
  • Environmental factors like using firewood or kerosene for cooking, inadequate handwashing practices, and lack of a separate kitchen were also associated with LBW.

Conclusions:

  • Women in rural areas, experiencing health problems during pregnancy, without antenatal care, and using firewood for cooking are more likely to have LBW babies.
  • Enhancing maternal awareness and practices for healthy pregnancies is essential to mitigate LBW-related problems.
Abstract

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