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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

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Engineering a plant community to deliver multiple ecosystem services.

Jonathan Storkey, Thomas Döring, John Baddeley

    Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
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    Selecting diverse legume cover crops, even with few species, can balance agricultural and environmental services. This approach enhances ecosystem functions like soil fertility and nutrient conservation for sustainable farming.

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    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Ecology
    • Plant Community Ecology
    • Sustainable Agriculture

    Background:

    • Modern agriculture often prioritizes food production, reducing biodiversity and negatively impacting ecosystem services like soil health and pest control.
    • Companion planting with diverse species offers a strategy to balance agronomic and environmental services in agricultural systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To engineer a legume cover crop community that optimizes six key ecosystem services.
    • To identify optimal species richness and functional diversity for balancing multiple ecosystem services in agricultural settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Screened 12 cultivated legume species for functional traits and ecosystem services across five UK sites.
    • Utilized a process-based plant competition model to analyze all species combinations.
    • Identified optimal plant communities balancing early productivity, regrowth, weed suppression, invertebrate support, soil fertility, and nutrient conservation.

    Main Results:

    • Low to intermediate species richness (1-4 species) was found to be optimal for balancing ecosystem services.
    • Optimal community composition depended heavily on the initial species pool's functional diversity and species number.
    • Exploiting functional contrasts in growth habit and phenology was key to achieving balanced ecosystem services.

    Conclusions:

    • Designing multifunctional plant communities through trait-ecosystem service relationships can improve agricultural sustainability.
    • This approach supports European agricultural policy goals of balancing food production with natural resource management.
    • Strategic initial species selection is crucial for developing effective multifunctional cover crop communities.