Quantitative analysis of unconjugated and total bisphenol A in human urine using solid-phase extraction and...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Toxicology

Background:

• Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous, posing contamination risks in biomonitoring.
• Accurate analysis of BPA at sub-parts-per-billion levels is challenging due to pervasive environmental contamination.
• Previous HPLC-MS/MS methods for unconjugated and total BPA in urine were adapted.

Purpose of the Study:

• To document challenges in implementing and qualifying a BPA analysis method.
• To develop and discuss precautions against BPA contamination during sample handling and analysis.
• To ensure reliable bisphenol A biomonitoring in human urine.

Main Methods:

• Combined and transferred previously developed HPLC-MS/MS methods for unconjugated and total BPA.
• Developed and evaluated methods in independent laboratories.
• Applied UPLC-MS/MS calibrated from 0.05 to 25 ng/mL.

Main Results:

• Quantification limits were 0.1 ng/mL for unconjugated BPA and 0.2 ng/mL for total BPA.
• The method was successfully applied to urine samples from 20 volunteers.
• Acceptable recovery and repeatability were achieved with stringent contamination control.

Conclusions:

• Bisphenol A can be reliably analyzed in human urine.
• Minimizing contamination from sample collection to analysis is critical for accurate biomonitoring.
• The study provides a validated UPLC-MS/MS method with essential contamination control strategies.