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Antimutagenicity of some citrus fruits in Salmonella typhimurium
1School of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
Abstract:
The antimutagenic effect of 10 citrus fruit juices was observed against the mutagenicity of N-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) in TA97a and sodium azide in TA100 tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium using the Ames test. It was noticed that the juices of all these fruits reduced significantly the NPD and sodium azide induced revertant colonies. The inhibitory activity was enhanced if the mutagen and juice were co-incubated for about 30 min at 37 degrees C prior to performing the mutagenicity assay. Dilution with distilled water led to the reduction in the inhibitory activity. The antimutagenic activity of synthetic ascorbic acid or citric acid or combined ascorbic acid and citric acid was also seen. But the results with fruit juices tempted us to believe that in addition to ascorbic acid and citric acid, the presence of other factor(s) possessing antimutagenic properties cannot be ruled out.
Insights
Citrus fruit juices show significant antimutagenic effects against N-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide. These natural compounds, potentially beyond ascorbic and citric acids, offer protective benefits.
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Toxicology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Mutagens like N-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) and sodium azide pose health risks.
- Citrus fruits are known for their rich nutritional and bioactive compound profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antimutagenic potential of 10 citrus fruit juices.
- To assess the impact of co-incubation and dilution on antimutagenic activity.
- To investigate the role of ascorbic and citric acids in the observed effects.
Main Methods:
- The Ames test was employed using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a and TA100.
- Citrus fruit juices were tested against NPD and sodium azide-induced mutagenicity.
- Comparative analysis with synthetic ascorbic and citric acids was performed.
Main Results:
- All 10 citrus fruit juices significantly reduced revertant colonies induced by both mutagens.
- Co-incubation of mutagens with juices enhanced inhibitory activity.
- Juice dilution decreased antimutagenic efficacy, as did synthetic acids alone.
Conclusions:
- Citrus fruit juices possess notable antimutagenic properties.
- The presence of factors beyond ascorbic and citric acids likely contributes to the observed activity.
- Further research is warranted to identify additional bioactive compounds responsible for antimutagenesis.
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