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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

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Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Suicide trends and characteristics in Brazil.

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Sexual abuse and alcohol use among women in metropolitan Sao Paulo, Brazil: a general population study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
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Egas Moniz: twice a double life.

José Manoel Bertolote1

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, BR.

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|October 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Egas Moniz pioneered radioarteriography and developed leucotomy, a brain surgery for mental disorders. Despite Nobel Prize nominations for his early work, he later received the award for his surgical innovation.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Egas Moniz's early work in 1927 led to the discovery of radioarteriography.
  • He was nominated three times for the Nobel Prize for this discovery but did not receive the award.

Discussion:

  • In 1949, Moniz was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing leucotomy.
  • Leucotomy is a brain surgery procedure designed to treat severe mental disorders.

Key Insights:

  • Moniz's contributions span diagnostic imaging and surgical interventions for neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • His career highlights the evolution of medical understanding and treatment modalities.

Outlook:

  • The legacy of Moniz's work continues to influence modern neurological and psychiatric practices.

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  • Further research can explore the long-term impacts and ethical considerations of early psychosurgical techniques.