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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of mixtures of particles in contact with different thermostats
A Y Grosberg1,2, J-F Joanny1,3
1Physico-Chimie Curie UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Abstract:
We introduce a novel type of locally driven systems made of two types of particles (or a polymer with two types of monomers) subject to a chaotic drive with approximately white noise spectrum, but different intensity; in other words, particles of different types are in contact with thermostats at different temperatures. We present complete systematic statistical mechanics treatment starting from first principles. Although we consider only corrections to the dilute limit due to pairwise collisions between particles, meaning we study a nonequilibrium analog of the second virial approximation, we find that the system exhibits a surprisingly rich behavior. In particular, pair correlation function of particles has an unusual quasi-Boltzmann structure governed by an effective temperature distinct from that of any of the two thermostats. We also show that at sufficiently strong drive the uniformly mixed system becomes unstable with respect to steady states consisting of phases enriched with different types of particles. In the second virial approximation, we define nonequilibrium "chemical potentials" whose gradients govern diffusion fluxes and a nonequilibrium "osmotic pressure," which governs the mechanical stability of the interface.
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