Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Otto and Diesel Cycle01:27

Otto and Diesel Cycle

4.5K
An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
4.5K
Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

4.0K
The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
4.0K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

61.7K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
61.7K
Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation01:16

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

11.1K
Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
All the terms in the equation have the dimension of energy per unit volume. The kinetic energy per unit volume is called the kinetic energy density, and the potential energy per unit volume is...
11.1K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

54.3K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
54.3K
The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

4.4K
Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[The use of prokinetics for the correction of motor and tonic digestive disorders].

Klinicheskaia meditsina·2009
Same journal

Tension on dsDNA bound to ssDNA-RecA filaments may play an important role in driving efficient and accurate homology recognition and strand exchange.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Amplitude-phase coupling drives chimera states in globally coupled laser networks [Phys. Rev. E 91, 040901(R) (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Shapes of sedimenting soft elastic capsules in a viscous fluid [Phys. Rev. E 92, 033003 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect [Phys. Rev. E 90, 022142 (2014)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Role of connectivity and fluctuations in the nucleation of calcium waves in cardiac cells [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052715 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Lattice Boltzmann approach for complex nonequilibrium flows [Phys. Rev. E 92, 043308 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K

Quantum Otto cycle efficiency on coupled qudits.

E A Ivanchenko1

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Science Center "Institute of Physics and Technology," 1, Akademicheskaya street, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum Otto cycle efficiency is enhanced by spin 3/2 particles. Antiferromagnetic interactions significantly boost heat engine performance at positive temperatures.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • The quantum Otto cycle is a fundamental model for quantum heat engines.
  • Spin-1/2 and spin-1 systems have been explored as working substances.
  • Understanding the role of particle spin and interactions is crucial for optimizing quantum engines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the performance of a quantum Otto cycle using spin 3/2 particles (quartets) as the working substance.
  • To analyze the effect of a constant magnetic field on the system's thermodynamic properties.
  • To evaluate the influence of particle coupling and temperature regimes on engine efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of the quantum Otto cycle with spin 3/2 particles.
  • Inclusion of a constant external magnetic field.
  • Consideration of both coupled (antiferromagnetic interaction) and uncoupled particle scenarios.
  • Thermodynamic analysis across different heat bath temperature ranges (positive and negative absolute temperatures).

Main Results:

  • The system achieves an efficiency of 1 at negative absolute temperatures.
  • Efficiency approaches 1 when heat baths have opposite signs.
  • Antiferromagnetic interaction increases efficiency threefold compared to uncoupled particles at positive temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Spin 3/2 particles offer unique advantages as working substances in quantum Otto cycles.
  • Negative absolute temperatures and opposite sign baths are optimal conditions for maximum efficiency.
  • Inter-particle interactions, specifically antiferromagnetic coupling, significantly enhance thermodynamic performance.