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Quantum work statistics of charged Dirac particles in time-dependent fields.

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The quantum Jarzynski equality extends to relativistic quantum mechanics. This study verifies the equality for charged particles under Dirac dynamics, offering insights into quantum thermodynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • The quantum Jarzynski equality is a key theorem in quantum thermodynamics.
  • Generalizing this equality to relativistic quantum mechanics presents theoretical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize the quantum Jarzynski equality to relativistic quantum mechanics.
  • To investigate quantum work distributions for charged particles under relativistic dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical solution of a pedagogical system.
  • Application of the Dirac equation for relativistic quantum dynamics.
  • Comparison with Schrödinger dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Exact quantum work distributions derived for charged particles in time-dependent potentials.
  • Verification of the Jarzynski equality under Dirac dynamics.
  • Identification of conceptual and technical subtleties in relativistic quantum mechanics.

Conclusions:

  • The Jarzynski equality is successfully generalized to relativistic quantum mechanics.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics in relativistic regimes.
  • Results are relevant for experimentally accessible systems involving charged particles.