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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients
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Toroidal membrane vesicles in spherical confinement.

Lila Bouzar1, Ferhat Menas2,3, Martin Michael Müller4,5

  • 1Département de Physique Théorique, Faculté de Physique, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111 Alger, Algeria.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Confined toroidal fluid membrane vesicles explore equilibrium shapes based on scaled area and reduced volume. Increasing area leads to contact with the container, influencing shape and potentially favoring topology changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Fluid membrane vesicles exhibit complex morphologies.
  • Confinement effects alter vesicle shape and stability.
  • Understanding shape transitions is crucial for biological and synthetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the equilibrium morphology of toroidal fluid membrane vesicles within a spherical container.
  • To construct a geometrical phase diagram mapping vesicle shapes against scaled area and reduced volume.
  • To compare elastic energies and predict conditions favoring topology changes.

Main Methods:

  • Geometrical analysis to determine equilibrium shapes.
  • Phase diagram construction based on scaled area and reduced volume.
  • Elastic energy calculations for confined and free vesicles.

Main Results:

  • Vesicles adopt free forms at small scaled areas.
  • Contact with the spherical container occurs at higher areas, initially as a circular line, then expanding to a zone.
  • The study maps distinct morphological regimes based on confinement and membrane area.

Conclusions:

  • The geometrical phase diagram reveals transitions from free shapes to contact-induced morphologies.
  • Elastic energy comparisons provide insights into the energetic favorability of topology changes under confinement.
  • This work elucidates the interplay between confinement, area, and membrane topology.