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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples
Published on: September 28, 2022
Structure, Biosynthesis, and Occurrence of Bacterial Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Olivia Schimming1, Victoria L Challinor1, Nicholas J Tobias1
1Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany) http://www.bio.uni-frankfurt.de/48050101.
Abstract:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread plant natural products with potent toxicity and bioactivity. Herein, the identification of bacterial PAs from entomopathogenic bacteria using differential analysis by 2D NMR spectroscopy (DANS) and mass spectrometry is described. Their biosynthesis was elucidated to involve a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. The occurrence of these biosynthesis gene clusters in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria indicates an important biological function in bacteria.
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