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Eyelid aging: pathophysiology and clinical management.

Renato Wendell Damasceno1, Georgia Avgitidou2, Rubens Belfort3

  • 1Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, BR.

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Summary

Aging eyelids can lead to common ophthalmic conditions like dermatochalasis, ptosis, ectropion, and entropion. This review covers the causes and surgical treatments for these age-related eyelid changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Increasing life expectancy leads to a higher prevalence of age-related ophthalmic conditions.
  • Involutional eyelid aging encompasses conditions like dermatochalasis, ptosis, ectropion, and entropion.
  • These conditions affect middle-aged and older adults, impacting ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of common involutional eyelid disorders.
  • To outline the clinical management strategies for these conditions.
  • To highlight recent findings on the molecular basis of eyelid aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of involutional ophthalmic diseases, focusing on eyelid aging.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the cellular and molecular changes in aging eyelid tissues.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical presentation and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Involutional ectropion and entropion show decreased elastic fibers and abnormal elastin.
  • Overexpression of elastin-degrading enzymes is noted in involutional ectropion and entropion.
  • Eyelid aging involves loss of tone and laxity, affecting the ocular surface.

Conclusions:

  • Involutional eyelid disorders stem from aging-related tissue changes, potentially linked to ischemia, inflammation, or mechanical stress.
  • Effective surgical management requires addressing the specific anatomical defects.
  • Understanding pathophysiology guides appropriate clinical interventions for eyelid aging.