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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

1.6K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

66.0K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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Population perspectives on functional genomic variation in yeast.

Daniel A Skelly, Paul M Magwene

    Briefings in Functional Genomics
    |October 16, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genomic variation in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is extensive, but its impact on functional traits is poorly understood. Population functional genomics offers insights into genome function and evolution, highlighting the need for broader data types beyond gene expression.

    Keywords:
    evolutiongene expressiongenomicssystems geneticsvariation

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Genomics
    • Yeast genetics

    Background:

    • High-throughput sequencing reveals significant genomic variation among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.
    • Understanding how this variation affects functional genomic traits within and between yeast lineages remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review population-level studies of functional genomic variation.
    • To highlight the utility of population functional genomics for understanding genome function and evolution.
    • To identify gaps in current research, particularly the need to explore functional genomic data beyond gene expression.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of population-level studies focusing on functional genomic variation in yeast.
    • Analysis of how population functional genomic approaches inform genome function and evolutionary processes.
    • Discussion of the link between genomic variation, gene networks, and organismal phenotypes.

    Main Results:

    • Functional genomics phenotypes exhibit pervasive variation across yeast populations.
    • Current understanding of the physiological and evolutionary consequences of this variation is limited.
    • Gene expression variation has been a primary focus, but other functional genomic data types are crucial.

    Conclusions:

    • Population functional genomics is key to understanding the link between genomic variation and phenotypes.
    • Further research is needed to explore diverse functional genomic data and develop appropriate null models.
    • A mechanistic understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships requires a population-based approach.