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    Optical coherence tomography (OCT) reveals pterygium characteristics, correlating with vimentin staining. However, OCT may underestimate lesion size by not detecting altered basal cells.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is crucial for diagnosing ocular pathologies.
    • Pterygium diagnosis and management benefit from OCT imaging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Identify pterygium OCT imaging characteristics.
    • Determine if OCT patterns accurately demarcate pterygium boundaries.

    Main Methods:

    • Recruited 32 patients with symptomatic primary pterygium.
    • Obtained high-definition OCT images post-excision.
    • Performed immunohistochemical staining (vimentin, CD45, CD1a, S100) and H&E staining.

    Main Results:

    • OCT showed a wedge-shaped hyperreflective mass correlating with vimentin staining (fibroblasts, collagen).
    • A subepithelial fibroblast line at the apex was OCT-visible.
    • Infiltrated cells (melanocytes, Langerhans, lymphocytes) and goblet cells were identified; altered basal cells were detected by vimentin but not always by OCT.

    Conclusions:

    • OCT images align well with vimentin staining in pterygium.
    • Collagen changes, inflammatory cells, and fibroblast lines explain OCT hyperreflectivity.
    • OCT may underestimate pterygium size due to undetected basal cell alterations.