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Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Vaccines01:21

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Streptococcus suis vaccines: candidate antigens and progress.

Mariela Segura1

  • 1a Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Montreal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , J2S 2M2 Canada.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|October 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Developing effective vaccines against Streptococcus suis, a swine pathogen and zoonotic threat, is challenging due to its variability. This review compiles data to assess current vaccine development strategies and the potential for a universal vaccine.

Keywords:
bacterinscross-protectioninvasive Streptococcus suis diseaselive-attenuated vaccinesserotypes and sequence typessub-unit vaccinesswine productionzoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Streptococcus suis is a significant swine pathogen with emerging zoonotic potential, causing meningitis and toxic shock-like syndrome in humans.
  • Its well-encapsulated nature, diverse serotypes, and strain variability (genotypic, phenotypic, geographic) complicate control efforts.
  • S. suis employs numerous virulence factors to evade host immune responses, further hindering vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of vaccine development against Streptococcus suis.
  • To examine candidate antigens and vaccine formulations currently under research.
  • To discuss the feasibility of developing a universal, cross-protective S. suis vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and comparison of clinical field information and experimental data.
  • Review of existing literature on S. suis virulence factors and serotypes.
  • Analysis of candidate antigens and vaccine strategies in preclinical and clinical research.

Main Results:

  • Significant challenges exist in developing efficacious vaccines due to S. suis's antigenic diversity and variability.
  • Various candidate antigens and novel vaccine formulations are under investigation.
  • The review critically assesses the potential for achieving a broad-spectrum, cross-protective vaccine.

Conclusions:

  • The development of effective vaccines against Streptococcus suis remains a critical unmet need in both veterinary and public health.
  • Continued research into diverse antigens and innovative vaccine platforms is essential.
  • Achieving a universal S. suis vaccine requires overcoming significant biological hurdles related to pathogen variability.