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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Teeth01:15

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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

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Changes in the Zygomaticomaxillary Suture During Aging.

Jiapeng Yin1, Lixin Liao, Lin Lu

  • 1*Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and the Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen †Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|October 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging decreases osteogenesis, impacting trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis (TSDO) effectiveness in adult patients. This study investigated the biological reasons for TSDO

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis (TSDO) is effective for midfacial hypoplasia in growing patients.
  • Predicting TSDO outcomes in adults is challenging due to age-related biological changes.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for optimizing TSDO in older individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological basis for age-related difficulties in trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis (TSDO).
  • To evaluate age-related changes in the zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZMS) morphology and molecular markers.
  • To correlate these changes with the efficacy of TSDO in different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Histological and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of zygomaticomaxillary sutures (ZMS) in Sprague Dawley rats across three age groups (4 weeks, 3 months, 13 months).
  • Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess gene expression of osteocalcin (OC) in ZMS and blood.
  • Measurement of serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Main Results:

  • Aging rats (13 months) showed decreased fibroblasts, thicker and denser bone plates adjacent to ZMS compared to younger rats (4 weeks).
  • Micro-CT revealed significantly increased ZMS density in older rats, with a higher ZMS to adjacent bone density ratio.
  • Gene expression of osteocalcin (OC) was lower in 13-month-old rats, and serum OC and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly reduced in older rats.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to decreased osteogenesis activity both locally at the ZMS and systemically.
  • These age-related biological changes, including altered suture density and reduced osteogenic markers, likely limit the application and predictability of TSDO in adult patients.
  • Further research is needed to explore strategies to overcome these age-related limitations for TSDO in older populations.