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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Plasmodesmata01:20

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In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...
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The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
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Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

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Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
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Conjugation01:19

Conjugation

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach
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Asymmetrical Inheritance of Plasmids Depends on Dynamic Cellular Geometry and Volume Exclusion Effects.

Jai A Denton1, Atiyo Ghosh1, Tatiana T Marquez-Lago1

  • 1Integrative Systems Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asymmetric plasmid inheritance in yeast does not require a diffusion barrier. Cellular variability, plasmid size, and dynamic cell shapes explain this important asymmetry during cell division.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Asymmetrical inheritance of cellular components, including plasmid DNA, is linked to replicative aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Current models for plasmid segregation primarily focus on diffusion, with debate on the necessity of a diffusion barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of asymmetric plasmid inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To determine the roles of cellular variability, plasmid size, and dynamic morphological changes in plasmid segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal microscopy was used to measure cellular nuclear geometries and plasmid diffusion rates.
  • A growing domain stochastic spatial simulator was developed incorporating experimental data.
  • Simulations analyzed the effects of cell shape dynamics, plasmid volume, and diffusion.

Main Results:

  • The study confirms that asymmetric plasmid inheritance can occur without an active diffusion barrier.
  • Cellular variability and dynamic morphological changes during anaphase significantly contribute to segregation asymmetry.
  • Plasmid size was identified as a key factor influencing inheritance patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric plasmid inheritance in yeast is explained by intrinsic cellular properties and plasmid characteristics, not requiring a dedicated barrier.
  • The findings provide a more comprehensive model for plasmid segregation, integrating dynamic cellular processes.
  • This research clarifies a fundamental aspect of cell division and its implications for aging.