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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Metamaterials
    • Electromagnetics and Wave Phenomena
    • Terahertz (THz) Technology

    Background:

    • Metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties not found in nature.
    • Controlling polarization states of electromagnetic waves is crucial for optical devices.
    • Terahertz frequencies present unique challenges and opportunities for wave manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate giant modal birefringence in hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) waveguide arrays.
    • To design a polarization manipulation device using HMMs for terahertz applications.
    • To explore the potential of HMMs as compact, efficient polarization controllers.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a rectangular waveguide cross-section in the HMM array.
    • Designing a subwavelength-thick HMM waveguide structure.
    • Characterizing the modal birefringence and polarization conversion capabilities.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved giant modal birefringence between TE and TM modes (0.8 to 2) from 2 to 4.8 THz.
    • Demonstrated the HMM device functions as a polarizer, quarter-wave plate, or half-wave plate.
    • Observed birefringence dozens of times higher than conventional quartz crystals for THz waves.

    Conclusions:

    • HMM waveguide arrays offer a powerful platform for terahertz polarization manipulation.
    • The designed device exhibits high transmission efficiency, ultra-compactness, and tunable birefringence.
    • This approach provides a promising route for advanced electromagnetic wave control at THz frequencies.