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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

7.9K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

3.4K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
3.4K
Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

5.3K
The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Magnetars: the physics behind observations. A review.

R Turolla1, S Zane, A L Watts

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holbury St. Mary, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|October 17, 2015
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This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetars, the universe's strongest magnets, offer unique insights into physics under extreme conditions. Recent research advances theoretical models and observational understanding of these neutron stars.

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Area of Science:

  • * Astrophysics
  • * High-energy astrophysics
  • * Neutron star physics

Background:

  • * Magnetars are neutron stars with extremely powerful magnetic fields, serving as natural laboratories for testing fundamental physics.
  • * Observed as anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma repeaters (SGRs), they exhibit peculiar burst activity and occasional giant flares.
  • * Recent years have seen significant discoveries, including transient and low-field magnetars, expanding our understanding of these objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive overview of magnetar research, integrating observational findings with current theoretical models.
  • * To explore the implications of magnetar observations for fundamental physics, particularly in strong magnetic field regimes.
  • * To discuss the connections between magnetars and other isolated neutron star populations.

Main Methods:

  • * Review and synthesis of observational data from X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy.
  • * Analysis of theoretical models explaining magnetar emission, bursts, and evolution.
  • * Examination of neutron star asteroseismology and magnetic field decay mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • * Development of detailed models for magnetar persistent emission, burst properties, and transient source behavior.
  • * New insights into neutron star asteroseismology derived from improved oscillation models.
  • * Recognition of magnetic field decay's crucial role in magnetar evolution and their relationship with other neutron stars.

Conclusions:

  • * Magnetar observations provide critical constraints on physics in strong magnetic fields, testing theories like quantum electrodynamics and general relativity.
  • * The study of magnetars has advanced our understanding of neutron star physics and the evolution of stellar remnants.
  • * Continued research on magnetars is essential for probing extreme physics and the diversity of neutron stars.