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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

174
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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[Rocuronium anesthesia induced anaphylactic shock: a case report].

Min Qiu1, Ya-nan Zong2, Jian Lu1

  • 1Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences
|October 18, 2015
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Summary

Anaphylactic shock during anesthesia is a serious risk. Prompt treatment with anti-allergic agents and norepinephrine stabilized a patient experiencing this severe allergic reaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal systemic allergic reaction to an allergen.
  • Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions pose unpredictable risks during anesthesia induction and maintenance.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old male developed anaphylactic shock during induction of anesthesia for laparoscopic adrenal tumor excision.
  • Symptoms included hypotension, tachycardia, and a whole-body rash after administration of sulfentanil, propofol, and rocuronium.

Findings:

  • The patient was successfully treated with anti-allergic agents and norepinephrine.
  • Vital signs stabilized, the rash resolved, and the patient recovered without complications during follow-up.

Implications:

  • Anaphylaxis during anesthesia requires vigilant monitoring of vital signs and skin.
  • Pre-anesthetic assessment of allergy history is crucial for prophylaxis.
  • Common triggers include muscle relaxants, latex, and antibiotics.