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Related Concept Videos

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications
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Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

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Cell-laden Polymeric Microspheres for Biomedical Applications.

Wenyan Leong1, Dong-An Wang1

  • 1Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-13, 637457, Singapore.

Trends in Biotechnology
|October 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microsphere technology offers a versatile platform for cell applications, mimicking natural environments and isolating cells. Design parameters are tailored for specific uses, balancing cell density for production with immunoprotection for transplantation.

Keywords:
cell deliverymicrocapsulemicrocarriermicroencapsulationmicrosphere designpolymeric microsphere

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Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications
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Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
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Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Microspheres provide a 3D environment mimicking native tissues for cell applications.
  • They offer a high surface area to volume ratio, enhancing cellular interactions.
  • Microspheres can isolate encapsulated cells from external environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the applications of cell-laden microspheres.
  • To outline the critical design parameters for microsphere technology in cell applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microsphere technology for cell applications.
  • Analysis of design considerations based on specific cell types and intended uses.

Main Results:

  • Microsphere properties are adaptable based on application requirements (in vitro vs. in vivo).
  • High cell density is crucial for in vitro biomolecule production.
  • Immunoprotective barriers are essential for in vivo cell delivery, particularly for pancreatic islet transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-laden microspheres are a powerful tool for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
  • Tailoring microsphere design, including physical and biochemical properties, is key to successful cell encapsulation and function.
  • Future applications require careful consideration of cell-specific needs and environmental interactions.