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Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
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Coaggregation occurs between microorganisms isolated from different environments.

Michael R E Stevens1, Ting L Luo1, Jay Vornhagen1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology
|October 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial coaggregation, the adherence of different species, was studied across diverse environments. This interaction, often mediated by cell surface molecules, facilitates microbial colonization in new biofilms.

Keywords:
Candida albicansbacteriabiofilmcoaggregationconfocal laser scanning microscopyphylogenetic

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biofilm Formation

Background:

  • Coaggregation, the specific adherence between different microbial species, is hypothesized to enhance biofilm formation.
  • Limited research exists on the coaggregation capabilities of microorganisms from diverse environmental sources.
  • The role of coaggregation in microbial transmission between environmental niches remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the coaggregation potential among 29 bacterial and 1 fungal strain from various environments.
  • To identify the cell-surface polymers responsible for mediating coaggregation between selected microbial pairs.
  • To explore the implications of coaggregation for microbial colonization and transmission across different environments.

Main Methods:

  • Microbial strains were isolated from diverse environmental sources and categorized into four archetypes: aquatic, broad environment, human opportunistic pathogen, and human oral.
  • Coaggregation assays were performed to evaluate the adherence between different microbial pairs.
  • Protease and sugar treatments were employed to characterize the nature of cell-surface polymers involved in coaggregation.

Main Results:

  • A significant majority of strains (77%) exhibited coaggregation with at least one other microbial strain.
  • Coaggregation frequently occurred between strains from different archetypes (70%), indicating cross-environmental interactions.
  • Lectin-saccharide interactions were identified as a common mechanism mediating coaggregation between strains from distinct archetypes (9 out of 15 pairs).
  • Human opportunistic pathogens, particularly nasopharyngeal bacteria, showed limited coaggregation, with five Haemophilus influenzae strains not coaggregating.

Conclusions:

  • Coaggregation is a prevalent phenomenon that can occur between taxonomically diverse species originating from separate environments.
  • The study proposes the designation 'cross-environment coaggregating organisms' for microbes demonstrating this ability.
  • The capacity for coaggregation may enhance the ability of microbial species to colonize biofilms in non-indigenous environments.