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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Rheumatologic Skin Disease.

Andrea Kalus1

  • 1Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98115, USA.

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|October 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skin findings are key in diagnosing common rheumatologic diseases like cutaneous lupus, dermatomyositis, and morphea. This review highlights skin clues for identifying systemic disease and guiding treatment.

Keywords:
DermatologyDermatomyositisLupusMorpheaRheumatologySkin

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Skin manifestations are crucial diagnostic indicators in rheumatologic conditions.
  • Cutaneous findings can signify underlying systemic disease or necessitate specific dermatologic treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cutaneous lupus, dermatomyositis, and morphea in adults.
  • To focus on the dermatologic presentation and clinical findings of these conditions.
  • To explore treatment approaches and identify clues for systemic disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common rheumatologic conditions with significant skin findings.
  • Emphasis on clinical presentation and dermatologic manifestations.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies and diagnostic clues.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous lupus, dermatomyositis, and morphea present distinct skin findings.
  • Skin manifestations are vital for early diagnosis and management of rheumatologic diseases.
  • Identifying specific cutaneous signs aids in detecting systemic involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Dermatologists play a key role in diagnosing and managing rheumatologic diseases through skin assessment.
  • Understanding cutaneous findings is essential for differentiating and treating lupus, dermatomyositis, and morphea.
  • Skin examination provides critical clues for systemic disease identification and targeted therapy.