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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Histone modifications controlling native and induced neural stem cell identity.

Vania Broccoli1, Gaia Colasante2, Alessandro Sessa2

  • 1Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|October 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Investigating histone modifications during neural progenitor cell (NPC) development reveals epigenetic changes critical for neural fate determination. This research provides a framework for comparing native and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) self-renew and generate diverse neural cells during development.
  • The genetic network for neural specification is known, but associated histone modifications are less understood.
  • In vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells offers a model for studying epigenetic programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of histone modifications in neural progenitor cell development.
  • To understand how epigenetic changes influence neural fate determination.
  • To establish a molecular comparison between native and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing in vitro neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
  • Analyzing histone modifications associated with neural specification.
  • Comparing epigenetic landscapes of native and iNSCs.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of specific histone modifications accompanying neural progenitor cell differentiation.
  • Identification of epigenetic signatures linked to neural fate.
  • Establishment of a molecular framework for comparing different neural stem cell types.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications are integral to the epigenetic control of neural development.
  • Understanding the histone code in NPCs is crucial for deciphering neural fate mechanisms.
  • This study provides insights into the molecular differences between native and induced neural stem cells.