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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Technologies of stage magic: Simulation and dissimulation.

Wally Smith

    Social Studies of Science
    |October 20, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stage magic in the 19th and 20th centuries used technology for simulated supernatural effects. Magicians employed dissimulation, hiding mechanisms to obscure the human-machine assemblies behind illusions.

    Area of Science:

    • Science and Technology Studies
    • History of Technology
    • Performance Studies

    Background:

    • Stage magic historically integrated optical, mechanical, and electrical technologies.
    • A modern conjuring style emerged, emphasizing minimal apparatus and natural performance.

    Observation:

    • Modern conjuring is analyzed as an early form of simulation and dissimulation.
    • Magicians simulated supernatural agency while concealing underlying methods and mechanisms.

    Findings:

    • Dissimulation rendered the inner workings of apparatus absent, obscuring the production of supernatural effects.
    • Techniques of dissimulation were evident in apparatus design and performer's natural manner.
    • Analysis of instructional texts reveals methods for achieving these effects.

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    Implications:

    • Stage magic's reliance on dissimulation offers parallels to contemporary simulations like social robotics.
    • Examining these human-machine assemblies reveals insights into the production of agency.
    • This study highlights the historical interplay between performance, technology, and the perception of agency.