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Initial validation of equilibrium contrast imaging for extracellular volume quantification using a three-dimensional

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Equilibrium contrast MRI accurately estimates tissue extracellular volume (ECV) fraction in engineered tissue models. This technique shows promise for future clinical applications in assessing tissue composition.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Equilibrium contrast imaging (ECV) is a method for estimating tissue extracellular volume fraction.
  • Validating ECV estimation principles requires controlled experimental models.
  • Engineered tissue models offer a platform to test imaging techniques with known tissue composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the principles of equilibrium contrast imaging for estimating extracellular volume (ECV) fraction.
  • To assess the accuracy of ECV estimation in a 3D engineered tissue model with known cellular and extracellular volumes.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed six 3D engineered tissue models (tumoroids) in a collagen hydrogel.
  • Measured T1 relaxation times using inversion recovery relaxometry at 3 Tesla before and after Gadolinium contrast agent administration.
  • Calculated ECV using equilibrium contrast MRI (ECVeq) and compared it to directly measured ECV (ECVm) via linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fractional cellular volume measured by EQ-MRI (ECVeq) ranged from 0.821 to 0.963.
  • ECVeq was a good predictor of directly measured ECV (ECVm) with R² = 0.77 (P = 0.02).
  • Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between ECVeq and ECVm, with a bias of 0.056.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the principles of ECV estimation using equilibrium contrast MRI.
  • Further model development is needed for validation across a wider physiological ECV range.
  • Future research should investigate the impact of extracellular protein burden on ECV measurements.