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Exercise and Stem Cells.

Marni D Boppart1, Michael De Lisio2, Sarah Witkowski3

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|October 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Adult stem cells (ASCs) remain in the body for tissue repair. Exercise impacts the stem cell niche, potentially altering ASC quantity and function, though research is ongoing.

Keywords:
Circulating angiogenic cellsEccentric exerciseEndothelial progenitor cellsFibro/adipogenic progenitorsHematopoietic stem cellsMesenchymal stem cellsMultipotent stem cellsPericytesSP cellsSatellite cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Exercise physiology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Adult stem cells (ASCs) are crucial for tissue remodeling and repair in adult organisms.
  • ASCs reside near vasculature and respond to microenvironmental cues that influence their function.
  • Exercise significantly modifies the tissue microenvironment, including mechanical forces and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on adult stem cells.
  • To highlight the impact of exercise-induced microenvironmental changes on ASCs.
  • To focus on hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating exercise and adult stem cells.
  • Analysis of research on stem cell responses to acute exercise bouts.
  • Examination of studies on the effects of exercise training protocols.

Main Results:

  • Exercise alters the stem cell niche, affecting factors like strain, extracellular matrix, and inflammation.
  • These microenvironmental changes likely influence the quantity and function of ASCs.
  • Specific stem cell populations, including hematopoietic, endothelial progenitor, and mesenchymal stem cells, are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between exercise and adult stem cells is a developing field with evolving terminology.
  • Understanding how exercise impacts ASCs is critical for regenerative medicine and tissue repair.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the effects of exercise on various ASC types.