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Evolving new protein-protein interaction specificity through promiscuous intermediates.

Christopher D Aakre1, Julien Herrou2, Tuyen N Phung1

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

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|October 20, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein evolution often involves coevolution, but a new model suggests promiscuous intermediates facilitate specificity changes. This study demonstrates how broadened interactions in bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems enable evolutionary diversification.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Coevolving amino acids can identify critical residues for protein interaction specificity.
  • Traditional models assume interface mutations drive compensatory changes, requiring non-functional intermediates.
  • An alternative model proposes initial broadening of specificity followed by partner adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an alternative model of protein coevolution involving promiscuous intermediates.
  • To demonstrate the plausibility of a promiscuity-based model for interaction specificity evolution.
  • To explore the role of promiscuous variants in the diversification of protein families.

Main Methods:

  • Screening large libraries of interface mutants in bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.
  • Analyzing sequence space to identify connections between specific and promiscuous variants.
  • Utilizing bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems as a model for studying protein interaction evolution.

Main Results:

  • Promiscuous variants of toxins and antitoxins serve as intermediates for reprogramming interaction specificity.
  • High-specificity toxins and antitoxins are linked in sequence space to more promiscuous forms.
  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of a promiscuity-based model for evolutionary change.

Conclusions:

  • Promiscuous protein variants facilitate the evolution of interaction specificity.
  • The abundance of promiscuous intermediates drives the diversification of toxin-antitoxin systems.
  • This model offers a new perspective on the evolution of paralogous protein families.