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Related Concept Videos

Urethra01:16

Urethra

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The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
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Female Urethral Reconstruction.

Izak Faiena1, Christopher Koprowski1, Hari Tunuguntla1

  • 1Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

The Journal of Urology
|October 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female urethral reconstruction effectively treats diverse urethral disorders. Vaginal flap and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty show the highest success rates for complex cases.

Keywords:
suburethral slingstissue transplantationurethraurethral strictureurologic surgical procedures

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Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Female urethral disorders encompass strictures and loss due to trauma, iatrogenic causes, infections, and malignancies.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires comprehensive patient history, physical examination, and imaging like cystoscopy, voiding cystourethrography, and MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a holistic review of female urethral reconstruction, covering anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current reconstructive techniques.
  • To analyze published outcomes data and explore future directions in treating female urethral disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English-language articles from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, supplemented by textbook consultations.
  • Inclusion of original research and review articles using keywords such as 'female urethra,' 'urethral reconstruction,' 'urethroplasty,' and 'vaginal flap.'

Main Results:

  • Minimally invasive approaches yield poor outcomes for female urethral reconstruction.
  • Definitive repairs for strictures include vaginal flap/wall urethroplasty and graft urethroplasty; loss is treated with primary closure, vaginal flap, or bladder flap urethroplasty.
  • Vaginal flap and buccal mucosal grafts demonstrate high success rates; tissue-engineered grafts are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Female urethral reconstruction is complex, necessitating individualized treatment approaches based on etiology.
  • Long-term outcome data for current techniques are limited.
  • Vaginal flap and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty report the highest success rates, warranting further research into newer techniques and long-term outcomes.