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Hypodermis01:02

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus
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Dermestes maculatus: an intermediate-germ beetle model system for evo-devo.

Jie Xiang1, Iain S Forrest2, Leslie Pick1

  • 1Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA ; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA.

Evodevo
|October 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We established the beetle Dermestes maculatus as a new insect model for evo-devo studies. The pair-rule gene paired is essential for segmentation in this intermediate-germ beetle, similar to other insects.

Keywords:
Dermestes maculatusEvo-devoPair-rule patterningRNAiSegmentationpaired

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)
  • Insect developmental biology
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Understanding gene evolution in development is key to the evo-devo field.
  • New model systems are needed to study evolutionary trajectories of development.
  • Insects offer vast diversity for comparative developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera) as a new insect model system.
  • Investigate the expression and function of the pair-rule gene 'paired' in D. maculatus.
  • Characterize the mode of embryonic development in D. maculatus.

Main Methods:

  • Established a continuously breeding laboratory culture of Dermestes maculatus.
  • Documented embryogenesis using nuclear and phalloidin staining.
  • Utilized embryonic and parental RNA interference (RNAi) for gene knockdown.
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns of 'paired' and 'engrailed'.

Main Results:

  • Dermestes maculatus exhibits an intermediate-germ mode of development, with anterior segments specified early and posterior segments added sequentially.
  • 'paired' gene is expressed in segmental stripes during blastoderm and germ band stages.
  • Knockdown of 'paired' in D. maculatus resulted in segmentation defects, confirming its role as a pair-rule gene.

Conclusions:

  • Dermestes maculatus is established as a viable model system for evo-devo research.
  • The gene 'paired' functions as a pair-rule segmentation gene in D. maculatus, conserving its role across different insect developmental modes.
  • Available methods facilitate future studies on insect segmentation evolution and developmental processes.